Uncertainty: The Hidden Cost of Importing Pharmaceuticals into Nigeria
Every pharmaceutical importer knows the cost elements of their cargo. Origin charges. Freight cost. Import duties. Shipping & Terminal charges. Insurance. Haulage. These costs are visible, measurable, and built into every procurement budget. The most expensive cost, however, rarely appears on an invoice. Uncertainty. In Nigeria’s pharmaceutical supply chain, uncertainty quietly erodes working capital, disrupts […]